From what I can see in the pics. Two layers of shingles. The original shingle overhang was cut back from the edge. The eave pic shows some type of underlayment, probably cheap ice and water shield (although it does look like 45lb felt), and one layer of shingles. My guess is this house has a ventilation problem. Possibly the reason for the new shingles deteriorating. The roofer might have removed about 3 foot of the original eave shingles to install the ice and water. I agree the i&w should be behind the gutter and under the drip edge. Rake edges? That depends on local conditions. When I started installing shingles, looonnnng ago, we gaged the edge by measuring with the index finger. From the tip to the first knuckle crease is 1". The far end was cut with snips and a hatchet with blade and a chalk line. We didn't waste shingles up the rake to use as a gage. That is the basic scenario. There are a lot of variables. If the roof was out of square, you had to chalk vertical lines and measure to the edge. This was the time of 3tabs. If plywood was used for sheathing, and the carpenters ran it over the rake board, drip edge was installed to protect the plywood. Sometimes the rake board was warped or bowed and drip edge would be installed to make it look better. If I were in a high wind location, and still installing shingles, I think the new self stick starter strips would be the way to go on both the eave edges and the rakes. Lots of variables and regional variations.