For one thing, the statistics studied by the insurance industry shows they reduce risk considerably. A properly designed and installed lightning protection system provides a path to earth with the least resistance. Also, the shape and placement of the "air terminals", unlike plumbing vent stacks, is much more conducive to the release of ions called "streamers". When lightning occurs, paths of ionized air called "leaders" shoot toward the earth from the cloud. As the leaders near air terminals, streamers reach up and meet the leaders and the path is complete for the discharge to ground.